Basic Equation In Fluid Mechanics

Introduction 

Fluid mechanics considerations are applied in many fields, especially in engineering. Below a list is provided which clearly indicates the far-reaching applications of fluid-mechanics knowledge and their importance in various fields of engineering. Whereas it was usual in the past to carry out special fluid mechanics considerations for each of the areas listed below, today one strives increasingly at the development and introduction of generalized approaches that are applicable without restrictions to all of these fields. This makes it necessary to derive the basic equations of fluid mechanics so generally that they fulfill the requirements for the broadest applicability in areas of science and engineering, i.e. in those areas indicated in the list below. The objective of the derivations in this section is to formulate the conservation laws for mass, momentum, energy, chemical species, etc., in such a way that they can be applied to all the flow problems that occur in the following areas:
  • Heat exchanger, cooling and drying technology
  • Reaction technology and reactor layout
  • Aerodynamics of vehicles and aeroplanes
  • Semiconductor-crystal production, thin-film technology, vapor-phase deposition processes
  • Layout and optimization of pumps, valves and nozzles
  • Use of flow equipment parts such as pipes and junctions
  • Development of measuring instruments and production of sensors
  • Ventilation, heating and air-conditioning techniques, layout and tests, laboratory vents
  • Problem solutions for roof ventilation and flows around buildings
  • Production of electronic components, micro-systems analysis engineering
  • Layout of stirrer systems, propellers and turbines
  • Sub-domains of biomedicine and medical engineering
  • Layout of baking ovens, melting furnaces and other combustion units
  • Development of engines, catalyzers and exhaust systems
  • Combustion and explosion processes, energy generation, environmental engineering
  • Sprays, atomizing and coating technologies
Concerning the formulation of the basic equations of fluid mechanics, it is easy to formulate the conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy and chemical species for a fluid element.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Image
3.4        APPLICATION OF MOMENTUM Introduction The study of forces resulting from the impact of fluid jets and when fluids are diverted round pipe bends involves the application of newtons second law in the form of F = m.a. The forces are determined by calculating the change of momentum of the flowing fluids.    In nature these forces manifest themselves in the form of wind forces, and the impact forces of the sea on the harbour walls.   The operation of hydro-kinetic machines such as turbines depends on forces developed through changing the momentum of flowing fluids. I have created a excelcalcs spreadsheet for convenient access to all of the equations found on this page . This is located at  ExcelCalcs.com calculation Fluid Jets Symbols α = jet angle (radian) a = Acceleration (m/s  2 ) ρ = density (kg/m  3 ) ρ = density (kg/m  3 ) F = Force (N) ...
Read more
Image
3.3 Measurement of velocity and discharge Defination Velocity : This refers to how quickly the water is moving. [Measured in feet per second (ft/s).] Discharge :   discharge refers to the water generated by the facility. It may be dewatering water, wash water, stormwater, or any combination of these. This term is comparable to “flow” which is used here in reference to receiving water flow. [Usually site discharge is measured in gallons per minute (gpm). Example Of Measurement Velocity Measurement with a Pitot Tube For pitot tube measurements and calculations, the reference plane is taken to be at the height of the pitot tube measurements, so the equation for stagnation pressure becomes: P stag  = P + ½ ρV 2  , which can be rearranged to: V = (2ΔP/ρ) 1/2 Where ΔP = P stag  – P. The pressure difference, Δp, (or P stag  – P), can be measured directly w...
Read more